Epidemiology

Epidemiology is the study of health and disease in human populations. We gather insight on HIV by identifying and assessing risk factors associated with HIV acquisition and transmission, and the development and progression of the disease in men, women, young people, and the elderly. Epidemiology is a cornerstone of public health, and informs policy and medical efforts to prevent and control HIV.

This HIV Policy Resource Bank category features resources concerning epidemiological research on the prevalence and incidence of HIV; risk factors associated with HIV infection; and the clinical course of HIV and the effect of treatment on health outcomes.

Highlighted Resources

Epidemiology

CDC Fact Sheet: New HIV Infections in the United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (2012)

2023-2024 Report of HIV Criminalization, (HR 130) Task Force (2024)

We are People, Not Clusters!, Edwin J. Bernard et al., American Journal of Bioethics (2020)

Extraordinary Measures in Extraordinary Times (2020)

HIV transmission networks among transgender women in Los Angeles County, CA, USA: a phylogenetic analysis of surveillance data, Manon Ragonnet-Cronin, et al., The Lancet (2019)

Estimating Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States, 2013-2016, Megan Hofmeister et al., Hepatology (2018)

Biometrics and public health surveillance in criminalized and key populations: policy, ethics, and human rights considerations, Matthew M Kavanagh et al., Lancet HIV (2018)

Retention in HIV care during the 3 years following release from incarceration: a cohort study, Kelsey Loeliger et al., PLoS Medicine (2018)

The global response and unmet actions for HIV and sex workers, Kate Shannon et al., Lancet (2018)

Per-partner condom effectiveness against HIV for men who have sex with men, Wayne D. Johnson, et al., AIDS (2018)

The Effect of Female Sex on Hepatitis C Incidence Among People Who Inject Drugs: Results from the International Multicohort InC3 Collaborative Aryan Esmaeili et al, Clinical Infectious Diseases (2018)

The impact of criminalization of HIV non-disclosure on the healthcare engagement of women living with HIV in Canada: a comprehensive review of the evidence, Sophie Patterson et al., Journal of the International AIDS Society (2015)

A systematic review of risk of HIV transmission through biting or spitting: implications for policy, FV Cresswell et al, HIV Medicine (2018)

HIV and the criminalisation of drug use among people who inject drugs: a systematic review, Kara DeBeck et al, Lancet (2017)

Prosecution of non-disclosure of HIV status: Potential impact on HIV testing and transmission among HIV-negative men who have sex with men, Maya Kesler et al, PloS One (2018)

Increases in Hepatitis C Virus Infection Related to Injection Drug Use Among Persons Aged <30 Years – Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, 2006-2012, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015)